Subsequently, Vampir can be launched by double-clicking its icon or by using the command line interface see Chapter LINK. The generation of trace log files for the Vampir performance visualization tool requires a working monitoring system to be attached to your parallel program. The following software packages provide compatible monitoring systems with built-in support for the Vampir performance data file format.
Score-P is the recommended code instrumentation and run-time measurement framework for Vampir8. The goal of Score-P is to simplify the analysis of the behavior of high performance computing software and to allow the developers of such software to find out where and why performance problems arise, where bottlenecks may be expected and where their codes offer room for further improvements with respect to the run time. A number of tools have been around to help in this respect, but typically each of these tools has only handled a certain subset of the questions of interest.
A crucial problem in the traditional approach used to be the fact that each analysis tool had its own instrumentation system, so the user was commonly forced to repeat the instrumentation procedure if more than one tool was to be employed. In this context, Score-P offers the user a maximum of convenience by providing the Opari2 instrumentor as a common infrastructure for a number of analysis tools like Periscope, Scalasca, Vampir, and Tau that obviates the need for multiple repetitions of the instrumentation and thus substantially reduces the amount of work required.
It is open for other tools as well. Moreover, Score-P provides the new Open Trace Format Version 2 OTF2 for the tracing data and the new CUBE4 profiling data format which allow a better scaling of the tools with respect to both the run time of the process to be analyzed and the number of cores to be used.
Internally, the instrumentation itself will insert special measurement calls into the application code at specific important points events.
This can be done in an almost automatic way using corresponding features of typical compilers, but also semi-automatically or in a fully manual way, thus giving the user complete control of the process. In general, an automatic instrumentation is most convenient for the user.
This is done by using the scorep command that needs to be prefixed to all the compile and link commands usually employed to build the application. Thus, an application executable app that is normally generated from the two source files app1. When makefiles are employed to build the application, it is convenient to define a placeholder variable to indicate whether a preparation step like an instrumentation is desired or only the pure compilation and linking.
For example, if this variable is called PREP then the lines defining the C compiler in the makefile can be changed from:. One can then use the same makefile to either build an instrumented version with the.
Detailed information about the installation and usage of Score-P can be found in the Score-P user manual. VampirTrace used to be the recommended monitoring facility for Vampir. During a program run of an application, VampirTrace generates an OTF trace file, which can be analyzed and visualized by Vampir.
The VampirTrace library allows MPI communication events of a parallel program to be recorded in a trace file. Additionally, certain program-specific events can be included. A new compilation of the program source code is only necessary if program specific events should be added.
To perform measurements with VampirTrace, the application program needs to be instrumented, which is done automatically. All the necessary instrumentation steps are handled by the compiler wrappers of VampirTrace vtcc, vtcxx, vtf77, vtf90 and the additional wrappers mpicc-vt, mpicxx-vt, mpifvt, and mpifvt in Open MPI 1.
All compile and link commands in the used makefile should be replaced by the VampirTrace compiler wrapper, which performs the necessary instrumentation of the program and links the suitable VampirTrace library. Simply use the compiler wrappers without any parameters, e. Running a VampirTrace instrumented application results in an OTF trace file stored the current working directory where the application was executed.
For other systems, the default name is a. Detailed information about the installation and usage of VampirTrace can be found in the VampirTrace user manual. It enables application developers to quickly produce traces in production environments by simply adding an extra mpiexec flag -trace.
Trace files will be generated during the execution of your application. The recorded trace log files include the following events: Any MS-MPI application call and low-level communication within sockets, shared memory, and NetworkDirect implementations.
If the line is not straight forward, keep good distance from the terrain so you avoid any surprises when you come around the corner. Reference points: Or checkpoints like I like to call them, is something I use a lot when I fly. The more times you jump a cliff, the more checkpoints you put up. Then you know that you have to go straight to plan B. Anyway, an example. I probably did the High Nose flight to the left 30 times, on the first jumps I had no checkpoints and had to focus on my height, the wall and multiple things at the same time.
Now, with all my checkpoints I can feel comfortable 2m next to the wall. Flying over and between stuff is my favorite, but they are a lot more dangerous than flying proximity on a straight wall. The Jungfrau heli jump, for example, has 4 main checkpoints.
First one, on the top corner of the cliff edge to the right, second one, between the trees on the first saddle, third one on some random tree I need to dive for to build up more energy, then use that energy to put my 4th checkpoint on the small bush on the last wall before disconnecting. It might not look conservative on the video, but conservative for me is to fly with a lot of energy and reserve in my suit.
I had about 30 sec of setting up and building up massive amount of speed and reserve. I flattened a bit out when I came down to the first checkpoint and used my speed to generate a nice glide ratio and a comfortable speed for the proximity on the wall. When I came around the corner I still had a nice glide and had to make a decision where I was going to put my second checkpoint.
So I decided to put the point of attack further down, between the trees. By doing that, I went back into a steeper flight where I now build up more of the energy I already used. So, in case I find myself in a dangerous situation, I now have more reserve to go over to a plan B.
If I would have gone for the higher spot and miscalculated, I would have no reserve, and in worst case, impacted the cliff. After passing through the trees, same story again. Just remember that speed is the main key. The faster the better, but find a nice balance and your own comfort zone.
Plan A and Plan B: The difference between your main plan and your escape plan can in some cases be the difference between life and death. If flying close to a wall, be ready for a quick disconnect. A wall is usually not shaved, so if you are playing as close as a few meters, a ledge can surprise you! Plan B when it comes to flying over stuff is a bit different. In some cases you might not have the opportunity to do a turn into safety.
The only way you can pull yourself out of a dangerous situation while being over stuff is to use the speed reserve you got left in your suit. Use it to change your glide ratio and make it over the critical part. Because of the winds, I was flying with a plan B in my mind when I came to the area where the winds had more affect on the flying. I was in a steep flight with a good angle of attack on a nice, green bush.
Plan A was to fly over it by m. In case I had to go over to plan B, I decided to set my target on the very left corner, so the difference between my plan A and B where about a meter.
About sec before I would have passed, I felt a small gust slowing me down a bit. Went instantly over to plan B, but of curiosity of my calculations I kept the same flight angle, only changed my point of attack to the side instead of the top corner. When I passed the bush I was slightly below it, so if I would have continued with my plan A, I would have impacted.
No doubt about it.. Setup: To start a line with a nice setup is important. On most cliffs you might not have the altitude for long setups, but if you some day do helicopter flights, it can be a good idea to start a bit higher up and more back to gain extra setup time. When I start a proximity line with a long setup, I use that time to build up all the energy and speed I need, but also feel my suit, tune my body position, feel the wind, lift and other weather conditions.
Because of the altitude, the air is a lot thinner and it might not be as much lift you are usually used to have. It can be good air the first day, and totally dead air the next day. If you do choose to do a long setup, fly relaxed! If you get tired, abort your flight. Did five jumps where I tried different setups. The easiest way would be to exit high and far back, then aim and fly trough the crack, but I wanted it to be a line with proximity before and after flying trough.
After two flights I got a bit skeptic and had to change the setup. I skipped some of the first proximity, mostly because I had to do a hard turn towards the crack after flying over the ridge. Also, the angle of attack was way too steep. Two more flights, but still no crack attack. Advanced search. Log in via Institution. Email alerts. Article Text. Article menu. Original article. Parachuting from fixed objects: descriptive study of fatal events in BASE jumping — Abstract Objective: To analyse the characteristics of fatal incidents in fixed object sport parachuting building, antenna, span, earth BASE jumping and create a basis for prevention.
Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Statistics from Altmetric. Competing interests: None.
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